Comprehensive notes Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10

In this article we will discuss about Comprehensive notes Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10. This is learning outcome 1 of CBSE IT 402 class 10. So let’s start it!

Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10

As you have seen on the index page of Unit 3 Database Management Systems, we will cover all of these concepts in this article. So let’s begin!

Concept and example of data and information

Whenever we are working with computers, we are working with data and information. So first understand about data and information.

Data

Data refers to raw facts, figures and text.

Suppose, you have something like this: 1, Maharshi, 2500, 9898123456

This can be considered as data. Some facts are given in form of numbers and text.

Information

Information refers to the meaningful data.

Suppose, you have something like this table:

In the above example each and every value has some meaning. Like 1 is a number seems like serial no, Maharshi is name, 2500 is fees and 9898123456 is contact number.

Concept of database

After the introduction of data and information, this data and information should be organized in proper manner to access them as and when required. To serve this purpose database is needed.

The database refers to collection of data and information in organized manner.

For example, in school we have data related to students and teachers. Everyday it is used to maintain the proper work records and transactions. So here school need to store it in an organized manner.

The software used to create, update and retrieve data is known as Database Management System.

Examples of DBMS are – MS Access, OO Base, LibreOffice Base, Oracle, Ingress, MySQL etc.

Organized manner means that data can be divided into different columns, records and other objects. This facility is provided by the a Database. School can maintain data and information related to students in a database.

Database Management is one of the crucial task of any organization. The primary objective of database Database Management system are as follows:

1. Ease of entering data
2. Efficient Storage
3. Accurate and Fast retrieval
4. Manipulating Data
5. Organizing data

In the next section we will discuss about advantages of database for Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10.

Advantages of Database

Database offers following advantages:

1. Reduces Data Redundancy
2. Sharing Data
3. Data Integrity
4. Data Security
5. Privacy
6. Backup and Recovery
7. Data Consistency

1 Reduces Data Redundancy

When your data is organized into a database, it reduces data redundancy. Data redundancy means that duplication of data. Into a database, the system generates multiple copies of it sometimes. So every time the same database cannot be affected while performing the transactions.

2 Sharing Data

The process of sharing data become very easy with database. In a DBMS system there are multiple users and schemas. These users can share their information and data as and when required. So any user can share their data with any user.

3 Data Integrity

When multiple users are working on same database, they must access accurate and consistent data. So these multiple users are performing multiple task simultaneously. In this process every user must ensure the data and information should be correct and accurate.

4 Data Security

In a database, your data is secured and safe as you have your own user’s schema with username and password. Every user on database has provided the authorised account to access data. Unauthorised users cannot access any kind of data from outside.

5 Privacy

It is most important rule in database. It means that only authorised users access their data in an authentic way. The privacy can be set according to user’s access role. Means proper roles should be assigned to the users for access.

6 Backup and Recovery

Most often we need to take backup and recover data. Due to multiple operations on same database by different users or may any other reason data backup should be taken and recover accordingly. Although this task is handled by DBMS automatically.

7 Data Consistency

Data consistency refers to the multiple copies of same database. The same database appears consistently among all the users at a time. The changes made by any user, immediately available to another user.

The next topic of Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10 is features of database.

Features of Database

The database offers many features to the users. Some of them are as follows:

1. It stores the data and information in multiple tables.
2. Each contains data related to each category or items. For example, in school database tables are students, teachers, exam etc.
3. Each table can have at least column that hold unique values. For example in students table adm_no (Admission Number) can be used. In teachers table teacher ID or teacher code can be generated.
4. Some of the keys should be generated like primary key, foreign key etc.

Data Models (Not mentioned in Syllabus)

Data Models refers to the structure of database which is somewhat related to the image of database. It describes how the data is stored and can be retrieved from database. The data models offers:

• 1. Summarize the description of database
• 2. It helps in database creation
• 3. Provides a transparent picture of database
• 4. It creates a clear structure from database design to implementation
• 5. It consists of components that describes data, their relationships, and constraints

There are 3 popular data models:

Hierarchical Data Model

This model stores data at different levels of hierarchy. It is just like a structure of company which shows the members are connected from top level to bottom level from CEO/Owner to Workers.

For example: A school stores students data using hierarchical model as follows:

Network data model

Below is a conceptual representation of a network data model for school database

1. School: Central node
   • Connects to Principal, Vice-Principal, Departments, Admin Staff, and Facilities.
2. Principal and Vice-Principal:
   • Connected to Teachers in all departments.
3. Departments: Each department node (e.g., Science, Mathematics) connects to:
   • Teachers (who may teach in multiple departments).
   • Students (students can belong to multiple departments).
   • Courses/Subjects (Courses can be part of multiple departments).
4. Admin Staff:
   • Connected to School.
   • Administrative staff may also manage Facilities.
5. Facilities:
   • Shared across departments.
   • Links to departments, teachers, and students who use them (e.g., laboratories for science, sports for physical education).
6. Teachers:
   • Connected to multiple departments and subjects.
   • Teachers may instruct different subjects (e.g., a science teacher might teach both Physics and Chemistry).
7. Students:
   • Can be connected to multiple departments (e.g., a student might be enrolled in both Science and Mathematics).
   • Connected to their respective Subjects.
8. Courses/Subjects:
   • Courses like Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry are connected to multiple students and departments.

Example Network Relationships:

• Teacher1 can be connected to both Physics and Chemistry.
• Student1 can be connected to both Mathematics and Physics.
• Facilities (like Laboratories) are shared between the Science Department and Teachers/Students using them.
• Principal and Vice-Principal are connected to all Departments and Teachers.

Concepts and examples of a relational database – concept of DBMS class 10

Dr. E.F.Codd proposed the relation database model in 1970. All data elements are stored in form of tables in rows and columns. These table data are related with common fields or columns.

A relational database refers to a database that stores record with referential integrity. It means that one of the columns of the database column referred to another table.

Observe these tables structures:

Table – Salesman

Table – Customer

In these tables you can observe, few common columns such as salesman_id, city and contact_no. These tables contains salesman_id in salesman table as a primary key and salesman_id in Customer table is as a foreign key. Hence these tables are related with each other through this column.

Now let’s have look at some most commonly used terminologies in RDBMS.

Entity

Entity refers to an object which information is going to be stored in database.

For example, Customer data is going to be stored in a database, the Customer is entity. A customer is having certain attributes such as Customer ID, Customer Name, City, Contact Number etc.

Each entity is a collection of certain attributes associated with it. These attributes are represented by columns in a database table.

Table

A table is set of logically related records. A table can have certain columns and number of rows.

Let’s have look on the concepts of primary key, foreign key for Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10.

Concept of the primary key, foreign key, and composite key

Referential integrity can be generated by using the primary key. The database table can have at least one primary key. This primary key ensures the record’s uniqueness. A primary key helps to improve the speed of database retrieval.

A primary key is a column of a table that identifies the unique records. In other words A primary key is also known as unique identifier of the table. A column or set columns that forms the primary have unique records.

A single table can have a one column as primary key at a time. Although more than one column can be assigned as a primary key as table called composite primary key.

The next topic emphasizes on the features of primary key for concept of DBMS class 10.

Features of Primary key

1. It identifies the rows uniquely
2. It cannot be null
3. It cannot have a duplicate value
4. There can only one primary key

This primary key can be used as foreign key in another table that provides a reference to the table.

The table which is referenced is known as parent table generally having primary key where as the table which is taking reference is known as child table having a foreign key.

Candidate Key

The fields or columns have eligibility to serve as primary key are called candidate keys. These columns does not contain a null values or any duplicate values. So in salesman table all are candidate keys as no values is repeated in the entire table.

Alternate Key

After assigning the primary key to a table, the remaining candidate keys are known as alternate key. For example in Salesman Table salesman_id is assigned as a primary key, hence s_name, city, commission and contact_no are alternate key.

Now let’s have look on the concepts of field, record and table for Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10.

Watch this video for more udnerstanding:

Concept and examples of field, record, table

In this section of Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10 we will discuss some of the definitions.

Field

It is a column of table. It is also known as attribute. A table can have fields which are individual record characteristics and are represented as columns within table. Data values are stored in a database as a field which can be any of a data type.

Record

A row of a table is known as a record. It is also known as a tuple. The data values stored in the fields for related to an object is called a record.

Table

A table is collection of row and columns.

Relational Database Management Software -Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10

E.F.Codd has proposed database model in 1970. Relational model is most popular database model. All data is stored in rows and columns in relational data model.

Relational Database Management Software offers the features of related tables and objects in the database. You can create a primary key and foreign key and make a relational database using relational database management software.

There are few examples of RDBMS software such as MSAccess, OO Base, MySQL, SQLServer etc.

Follow this link to read NCERT solutions Chapter 8 Introduction to Database Management System.

Follow this link to get more important questions including previous year board exam questions.

That’s all from this article and learning outcome 1 Appreciate the concept of Database Management System class 10.

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