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Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs
Computers understands only 0s and 1s. When user types anything through keyboard, will be converted into binary form. The keys present on keyboard are in English language or human readable language. Hene when any key is pressed on keyboard is associated with a specific and unique code which is converted into binary.
Encoding Schemes: ASCII, UTF8, UTF32, ISCII, and Unicode are used to represent data into computers. Computers are capable to handle all kinds of data including numbers, text, images, audio, and video files.
As you know that computers do not understand English alphabets, numbers other than 0 and 1 as well as text symbols. To convert this we use an encoding. Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs
First of all, understand some basic terms related to encoding for Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs.
Basic terms related to encoding
Encoding Scheme: It is the way or method of conversion in machine language.
Code Space: It means all the codes that are used to represent the information. For example, 127 in ASCII code
Code Point: It is a code that represents a character in an encoding scheme. For ex. 0x43 represents capital C letter
Code Unit: It refers to the number of bits used in codes.
Cipher: Something converted into a coded form to hide from others is called encrypted text and converted into cipher.
Decryption: The encrypted text sent back to the receiver to get back it into the original form or actual content.
In the next section of Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs we will discuss character representations.
Character / String representation
As you know data is a textual fact, figures, or collection of bytes. So to represent this data into computers we need to convert them into machine language i.e. binary language usually in the form of 0s and 1s.
All the 26 alphabets from A to Z (both upper and lower), numeric digits from 0 to 9 as we are using decimal number systems and other special symbols like @,#,$,%, etc need to be converted into machine language.
To do this each and every character or digit or special symbol assigned a specific code to represent them. These codes are as following:
ASCII Code
It is a simple code assigned to a character to represent data. ASCII (pronounced as “askee”) is a 7 – bit (2^7=128) character code. It represents all the characters available for writing in the file. It converts only English language. Every digit in ASCII code represents one byte. Let us have a look at the following commonly used characters and code range:
Characters
ASCII Codes
A to Z
65 to 90
a to z
97 to 122
0 to 9
48 to 57
Space
32
The computer generally converts these ASCII codes into an equivalent binary number. Let’s understand it by the following example:
Suppose you want to use the capital letter D. So its equivalent ASCII code is 68. This code 68 is a decimal number, ASCII. So the equivalent binary number is 1000100. So finally D = 1000100 for the computers.
There are two versions of ASCII codes:
7 bit: Represents 27 = 128 characters
8 bit: Represents 28 = 256 characters
The next code is the ISCII code for Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs.
ISCII Code
When computers are used with English language ASCII codes enough to represent data. But as and when the use of computers broadly extended to countries like India, it’s very important to represent data in Indian Languages. So for that in 1991, the Bureau of Indian Standards adopted the Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange has evolved. This code is capable of 8 bits. It is also known as the Indian Scripts Code for Information Interchange. It supports various Indian languages like Devnagri, Gurumukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese, Telugu etc.
The next code for Comprehensive notes Encoding Schemes class 11 cs is Unicode.
Unicode
Unicode is used for a universal set of characters. As ISCII is used for Indian languages, Unicode is used accepted by the universal standards and represent data in different languages. It was designed for the purpose of representing almost all the languages in computers. The Unicode has different versions like UTF – 8, UTF – 16, UTF – 32.
In this, the numbers in UTF like 8 as 8 bits known as an octet, 16 as 2 – octets, and 32 as 4 – octets representation.
Watch this video for more understanding:
I hope you understood the concept of encoding schemes. For further doubts and queries feel free to ask in the comment section.
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